Healthy rabbit in a garden showing signs of myxomatosis with swollen eyes and ears.

Myxomatosis in Rabbits

Pet HealthPublished Jul 7, 2025Updated Oct 20, 2025
Dial A VetBy Dial A Vet

Discover the causes, symptoms, and prevention of myxomatosis in rabbits. Learn how to protect your furry friends from this viral disease and ensure their health!

As a rabbit owner, you want to do everything you can to keep your furry friend healthy and happy. But when you hear about diseases like myxomatosis, it’s natural to feel concerned. This serious and often fatal disease affects rabbits worldwide, making it essential to understand the risks, symptoms, and how to protect your pet. In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about myxomatosis and how to keep your rabbit safe.

⚠️ What to Watch For

Myxomatosis is a viral disease caused by the myxoma virus, which primarily affects rabbits. It spreads through insect bites, such as fleas and mosquitoes, or through direct contact with an infected rabbit. Unfortunately, this disease is often severe and can progress quickly.

Here are the common symptoms of myxomatosis to watch out for:

  • Swelling around the eyes, ears, and genital area
  • Discharge from the nose and eyes
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Loss of appetite and lethargy
  • Skin lesions or lumps

If you notice any of these signs, contact a veterinarian immediately. Early intervention is critical for giving your rabbit the best chance of recovery.

🔍 Possible Causes

The myxoma virus is primarily transmitted by biting insects, making outdoor rabbits especially vulnerable. However, even indoor rabbits are at risk, as fleas or mosquitoes can enter homes. The virus can also spread through contaminated equipment, bedding, or direct contact with an infected rabbit. Wild rabbits often carry the virus, so keeping your pet separate from wildlife is crucial.

Factors that increase the risk of myxomatosis include:

  • Living in areas with a high population of wild rabbits
  • Inadequate insect control measures
  • Unvaccinated rabbits

✅ What You Can Do at Home

While myxomatosis is a serious disease, there are steps you can take to reduce your rabbit’s risk and protect their health. Here’s what you can do at home:

  • Ensure your rabbit is vaccinated against myxomatosis. Vaccination is the most effective way to protect your pet.
  • Use flea and mosquito prevention products in and around your home, such as screens, mosquito nets, and flea treatments.
  • Keep your rabbit’s living area clean and free of pests. Wash bedding regularly and disinfect cages or enclosures.
  • Avoid contact between your rabbit and wild rabbits or areas where wild rabbits frequent.
  • Monitor your rabbit’s health closely and contact a vet if you notice any signs of illness.

Preventative care and maintaining a clean, pest-free environment are key to minimizing the risk of myxomatosis.

💡 When to Call a Vet

If you suspect your rabbit has been exposed to myxomatosis or is showing symptoms, it’s important to seek veterinary care right away. The disease progresses rapidly, and early treatment can make a difference in your rabbit’s comfort and outcome.

Call your vet immediately if your rabbit displays any of the following:

  • Swelling around the face, eyes, or genital area
  • Discharge from the eyes or nose
  • Difficulty breathing or severe lethargy

Even if you’re unsure, it’s better to err on the side of caution and consult a veterinarian. A professional can assess your rabbit’s condition and recommend the best course of action.

FAQs

Q: Can my rabbit survive myxomatosis?
A: While myxomatosis is often fatal, early diagnosis and supportive care can improve your rabbit’s chances. Vaccinated rabbits are more likely to survive and recover.

Q: How often should my rabbit be vaccinated?
A: Rabbits typically need an annual vaccination against myxomatosis. Speak with your vet to determine the best vaccination schedule for your pet.

Q: Can indoor rabbits get myxomatosis?
A: Yes, indoor rabbits are still at risk. Fleas and mosquitoes can carry the virus into your home, so preventative measures are important even for indoor pets.

Book a $49 online vet consultation at https://www.dialavet.com for fast, expert advice.

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