By Dial A Vet Veterinary Team
Many owners put a slower, stiffer dog down to old age, when what they are really seeing is pain. Dogs with arthritis rarely cry out. Instead they stop jumping into the car, lag behind on walks, take longer to settle, or become grumpy when touched near the hips. Once that pain is recognised and treated, a lot of "old" dogs become noticeably brighter and more playful again.
Key takeaways
- Arthritis pain usually shows up as behaviour change, not vocal complaints.
- Most arthritis in dogs is osteoarthritis (wear and inflammation in the joint), but infection and immune disease can also inflame joints and need different care.
- Small changes at home, like rugs on slippery floors and ramps, reduce daily strain.
- Never give human pain relievers. Several are toxic to dogs.
- A vet check is worthwhile as soon as you notice stiffness, because effective, safe treatment is available.
The quiet signs of joint pain
Dogs adapt to chronic pain, so the clues are often subtle and gradual. Owners commonly notice:
- Stiffness when getting up, which eases after moving around
- Hesitating before jumping onto the couch or into the car, or stopping altogether
- Slower on stairs, or avoiding them
- Shorter walks, sitting down partway, or lagging behind
- Licking or chewing at a particular joint
- Restlessness at night, or difficulty getting comfortable
- Irritability, especially when touched or groomed over the back end
- Muscle loss over the hips and back legs
- A change in posture, such as a hunched back or tucked tail
A useful exercise is to film your dog getting up from a nap and climbing a step, then compare a month later. It is much easier to see change on video than day to day.
Types of arthritis
Osteoarthritis is by far the most common. It develops over time, often on a background of joint problems such as hip or elbow dysplasia or an old cruciate injury. We look at its causes and treatment options in detail in our osteoarthritis guide.
Septic arthritis is a bacterial infection inside a joint, often after a bite or wound. It causes sudden, severe lameness and a hot, swollen joint.
Immune-mediated arthritis happens when the immune system attacks the joints. Dogs may have a fever, shifting lameness across several legs, and be generally unwell.
When to see a vet
Emergency now: a dog that suddenly cannot use a leg, a hot and very swollen joint, a dog that cannot stand, or lameness with fever and lethargy.
Within a few days: a new limp lasting more than a day or two, or stiffness that has clearly worsened.
Book a check: gradual slowing down, reluctance to jump, or any of the quiet signs above. There is no benefit in waiting.
Helping your dog at home
Make the house easier
- Lay rugs or runners on tiles and floorboards so your dog does not slip.
- Use a ramp or a sturdy step for the car and favourite couch.
- Provide a thick, supportive bed in a warm, draught-free spot. Orthopaedic foam beds help many dogs.
- Raise food and water bowls slightly for large dogs who find bending uncomfortable.
- Use baby gates to block stairs if they are a struggle.
Rethink exercise
Regular, gentle movement keeps joints mobile and muscles strong. Two or three shorter walks are usually better than one long one. Swimming in calm water and lead walks on grass or sand are kind on joints. Avoid sudden bursts like ball chasing on hard ground, which can trigger flare-ups.
Keep weight down
Extra weight is one of the biggest controllable factors in joint pain. Even modest weight loss in an overweight dog can visibly improve mobility. See our article on obesity in dogs.
Medicines: only from your vet
Paracetamol, ibuprofen and other human pain relievers can cause stomach ulcers, kidney failure or liver damage in dogs. Only use medicines prescribed for your dog.
How vets diagnose and treat arthritis
Your vet will watch your dog move, feel each joint for pain, swelling, heat and reduced range of motion, and may recommend X-rays. If infection or immune disease is suspected, a sample of joint fluid may be taken. Treatment is tailored and often combines several approaches: prescribed anti-inflammatory pain relief, newer injectable pain treatments, joint-supporting diets or supplements, weight management and physiotherapy.
FAQ
Is arthritis just part of getting old?
It is common in older dogs, but the pain is not something they have to live with. Treatment can make a real difference at any age.
Can young dogs get arthritis?
Yes, especially those with hip or elbow dysplasia or previous joint injuries.
Does cold weather make arthritis worse?
Many owners notice more stiffness in winter. Warm bedding and a coat for thin-coated dogs can help.
Should I stop walking my arthritic dog?
Usually not. Controlled, regular exercise is part of management. Your vet can help you find the right amount.
Talk with a vet
If your dog seems stiffer or slower, a Dial A Vet veterinarian can talk through what you are seeing and help you plan a check-up and home changes. Book with Dial A Vet. A sudden severe lameness, a hot swollen joint or a dog that cannot stand needs an in-person vet urgently.
References
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Arthritis and joint disorders in dogs
- WSAVA Global Pain Council: Guidelines for the recognition, assessment and treatment of pain
- AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats
- RSPCA Australia Knowledgebase: Caring for older pets
Disclaimer: Educational only. This page does not replace an examination or advice from your own veterinarian. If you are worried about your pet right now, contact your local vet or nearest emergency animal hospital.
